Over the past few years fair trade products have expanded into many new markets. With this trend we inevitably have to reevaluate the micro and macro systems involved in producing and providing fair trade products.

There is a rather large difference between fair trade products and fair trade companies, says Mary Morison, executive director of the Fair Trade Resource Network. Large corporations that sell or promote individual products are likely to have a weaker effect on their overseas labor practice or at least are not dedicated to effecting reform. “Large companies are counting on consumers to make the leap so they look good and can access a particular market segment they’ve been unsuccessful in reaching,” she says. On the positive end, by providing fair trade options in big box stores, more people have access to making responsible decisions and voting with their dollars.

While some debate that big can also be fair, others work hard to keep fair trade small and protect the purity of fair trade programs. Some support the efforts of McDonald’s, for example, which purchase coffee from the fair trade company Green Mountain Roasting Company. This type of opportunity sustains the jobs and wages of those who grow the coffee. On the other hand, some say it dilutes the standards and morals of the movement.

This debate on how far to go with sustainable and healthy products and services is the topic of the decade. Do we go big with organics? Are we willing to sacrifice the intensity of the source to make the product/service accessible to more consumers who could benefit from healthier food?

When I think about fair trade, I think of model companies such as Equal Exchange that goes above and beyond the fair trade model. Since 1986, the company imports organic coffee, tea, sugar, cocoa, and chocolate bars. With all their ingredients grown on democratically run farmer co-ops in Latin America, Africa, and Asia, Equal Exchange is able to play a large role in building democracy in these areas. They are equally passionate about building a fair and responsible work environment as they are supplying great coffee and chocolate to American consumers. “We want more profound transformations than just a kinder, gentler version of the status quo,” says Rodney North, spokesperson for Equal Exchange. “Fair trade’s historic focus has been on bottom-up economic development.”

Rodney North of Equal Exchange also argues that the “entrée of multinational corporations threatens the original goal of the fair trade movement, which was to build an alternative approach to international trade that addresses the endemic poverty, economic vulnerability, and isolation for the millions of small scale farmers who grow most of the world’s tropical agricultural commodities”.

It is hard to say what is good or bad. If we keep in mind that in supporting fair trade practices we are respecting our food and thus respecting all of those involved who bring it to us. This movement is meant to allow consumers to simply and consciously vote with their dollars, and provide fair opportunities worldwide. With this in mind, and we can help to keep the potency of the movement strong.

The majority of these quotes were taken from the Utne Reader’s Fair Trade Tradeoffs

an organic farm

People used to say that the world would go hungry if farmed organically, but that has recently been proven to not be the case. Two studies recently conducted, one by the University of Michigan, and the other by the USDA, report that organic farming can yield more food than conventional farming, and sustain a healthier soil quality for annual food production. The benefits don’t stop there.

A University of Michigan study conducted by the School of Natural Resources and Environment was geared towards investigating the benefits of organic farming in developing countries. They found that the crop yields in developed countries are nearly the same on organic and conventional farms. In developing countries, although, by using organic farming methods they can double or triple their food production.

The researches defined the term organic as "sustainable practices that utilize non-synthetic nutrient cycling processes, exclude synthetic pesticides, and sustain and regenerate the soil quality." Their study set out to disprove two common objections to organic farming: lower yields and lack of organically acceptable nitrogen sources.

"Corporate interest in agriculture and the way agriculture research has been conducted in land grant institutions, with a lot of influence by the chemical companies and pesticide companies as well as fertilizer companies—all have been playing an important role in convincing the public that you need to have these inputs to produce food," says Ivette Perfecto, Professor at the University of Michigan and principal leader of the study.

What they found was that, contrary to conventional wisdom, organic farms could produce not only more food but do it on the existing land. This is due to the regenerative properties of the organic farming process and the natural organic fertilizers. The nitrogen levels in the soil aren’t an issue as long as the farmer rotates his/her crops and plants green manures between growing seasons. Green manures are cover crops that naturally fix nitrogen and other nutrients into the soil, and naturally replace the need for synthetic fertilizers.

“This is especially good news for developing countries, where it’s sometimes impossible to deliver food from outside, so farmers must supply their own. Yields in developing countries could increase dramatically by switching to organic farming," Perfecto said. Developing countries often don’t have access to expensive fertilizers and pesticides; therefore, organic farming is not only more economical, but simply a more viable, efficient, and accessible solution to sustain their communities with enough food. This research is to be greatly applauded because the pioneers of the organic food industry such as Aldo Leopold, Robert Rodale… are finally getting vindicated by university research. Organic farming keeps the land of developing countries healthy, the surrounding ecosystem clean, manages their food production waste, and not to mention provides more nutrient rich food to keep their people healthy.

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